Old Testament Commentary - 1 Samuel 12

by Don R. Hender


Scriptural Text [& Editorial]
Commentary & Explanation
Footnotes ~ References ~ JST
             CHAPTER 12            

Samuel testifies of his own just dealings in Israel—He reproves the people for their ingratitude—He exhorts them to keep the commandments, lest the Lord consume them and their king.

  1 AND Samuel said unto all Israel, Behold, I have hearkened unto your voice in all that ye said unto me, and have made a king over you.
  2 And now, behold, the king walketh before you: and I am old and gray-headed; and, behold, my sons are with you: and I have awalked before you from my childhood unto this day.
  3 Behold, here I am: witness against me before the LORD, and before his anointed: whose ox have I taken? or whose ass have I taken? or whom have I adefrauded? whom have I oppressed? or of whose hand have I received any bbribe to blind mine eyes therewith? and I will restore it you.
  4 And they said, Thou hast not defrauded us, nor oppressed us, neither hast thou taken ought of any man's hand.
  5 And he said unto them, The LORD is witness against you, and his anointed is witness this day, that ye have not found ought in my hand. And they answered, He is witness.
  6 ¶ And Samuel said unto the people, It is the LORD that aadvanced Moses and Aaron, and that brought your fathers up out of the land of Egypt.
  7 Now therefore stand still, that I may areason with you before the LORD of all the righteous acts of the LORD, which he did to you and to your fathers.
  8 When Jacob was come into Egypt, and your fathers acried unto the LORD, then the LORD sent Moses and Aaron, which brought forth your fathers out of Egypt, and made them dwell in this place.
  9 And when they forgat the LORD their God, he sold them into the hand of Sisera, captain of the host of Hazor, and into the hand of the Philistines, and into the hand of the king of Moab, and they fought against them.
  10 And they cried unto the LORD, and said, We have sinned, because we have forsaken the LORD, and have served Baalim and Ashtaroth: but now deliver us out of the hand of our enemies, and we will serve thee.
  11 And the LORD sent aJerubbaal, and Bedan, and bJephthah, and Samuel, and delivered you out of the hand of your enemies on every side, and ye dwelled safe.
  12 And when ye saw that Nahash the king of the children of Ammon came against you, ye said unto me, Nay; but a king shall reign over us: when the LORD your God was your akinga.
  13 Now therefore behold the king whom ye have chosen, and whom ye have desired! and, behold, the LORD hath set a king over you.
 12a The LORD your God was your king A central theme may be developed around and upon this concept, that even when Moses, Joshua, and the righteous judges did judge in Israel, The LORD God of Israel was indeed their king, not an earthly king but a heavenly and righteous king. Even the name of the rightful ancestor to the Messiah did have as his name that proclamation, Elimelch, God King or God is king. But three times in the book of Judges did it state of a time when Israel had not king or when Israel failed to recognize, accept God as their king and/or when God had but off Israel. These three times are in Judges 17:6; 18:1; and 21:25, when it is stated that 'In those days there was no king in Israel'. And with the last statement of it being at the end of today's book of Judges, where Ruth was once a part of the book of Judges, it does seem but an appropriate lead into the day and time of Elimelech whose name reminds Israel that God is their king, though Israel at the time is calling for an earthly king in the place of their God king, having failed to follow after God and having kept his commandments. In this line of reasoning, with these statements at the end of Judges just prior to the book of Ruth, it does seem that such events covered in those last chapters of Judges were indeed events of the latter end of the judges over Israel rather than when Israel had more righteous leadership in their judges and still would recognize and call upon Israel's God to deliver them rather than to seek another king to lead them, one of this earth instead of God their king.
  14 If ye will fear the LORD, and serve him, and obey his voice, and not arebel against the commandment of the LORD, then shall both ye and also the king that reigneth over you continue following the LORD your God:
  15 But if ye will not aobey the voice of the LORD, but rebel against the commandment of the LORD, then shall the bhand of the LORD be against you, as it was against your fathers.
  16 ¶ Now therefore stand and see this great thing, which the LORD will do before your eyes.
  17 Is it not wheat harvest to day? I will call unto the LORD, and he shall send thunder and rain; that ye may perceive and see that your wickedness is great, which ye have done in the sight of the LORD, in asking you a aking.
  18 So Samuel called unto the LORD; and the LORD sent thunder and rain that day: and all the people greatly feared the LORD and Samuel.
  19 And all the people said unto Samuel, Pray for thy servants unto the LORD thy God, that we die not: for we have added unto all our sins this evil, to ask us a king.
  20 ¶ And Samuel said unto the people, Fear not: ye have done all this wickedness: yet aturn not aside from following the LORD, but serve the LORD with all your heart;
  21 And turn ye not aside: for then should ye go after vain things, which cannot aprofit nor deliver; for they are vain.
  22 For the LORD will not forsake his people for his great aname's sake: because it hath pleased the LORD to make you his people.
  23 Moreover as for me, God forbid that I should sin against the LORD in ceasing to pray for you: but I will teach you the good and the right away:
  24 Only afear the LORD, and bserve him in truth with all your heart: for cconsider how great things he hath done for you.
  25 But if ye shall still do wickedly, ye shall be consumed, both ye and your king.