Old Testament Commentary - 2 Chronicles 13

by Don R. Hender


Scriptural Text [& Editorial]
Commentary & Explanation
Footnotes ~ References ~ JST
              CHAPTER 13                 

Abijah reigns in Judah—He defeats Jeroboam and the armies of Israel—The Lord struck Jeroboam, and he died.

 1 NOW in the eighteenth year of king Jeroboam began Abijah to reign over Judah.
 2 He reigned three years in Jerusalem. His mother's name also was Michaiah the daughter of Uriel of Gibeah. And there was war between Abijah and Jeroboam.
 3 And Abijah set the battle in array with an army of valiant men of war, even four hundred thousand chosen men: Jeroboam also set the battle in array against him with eight hundred thousand chosen men, being mighty men of valour.
 4 ¶ And Abijah stood up upon mount Zemaraim, which is in mount Ephraim, and said, Hear me, thou Jeroboam, and all Israel;
 5 Ought ye not to know that the LORD God of Israel gave the kingdom over Israel to David for evera, even to him and to his sons by a covenant of salt?
 6 Yet Jeroboam the son of Nebat, the servant of Solomon the son of David, is risen up, and hath rebelled against his lord.
 5a gave the kingdom over Israel to David for ever Now if by 'covenant' there are two parts to that covenant. One is upon the side of the LORD and the LORD does keep his part of the covenant based upon the other's agreement to it. The second part of course is for the other to keep his part of the covenant as well or else the 'covenant' is broken. Judah's perspective of the Bible is that this covenant was not ever broken and will always be true. But what do the facts of the matter contribute? Fact 1: King David did brake his part of the agreement and fell into sin breaking most all of the commandments of the LORD in the process. Fact 2: As recorded in 1 Kings 11:29-35, Ahijah the prophet by the voice of God divides the kingdom and gives ten parts to Jeroboam. Thus the Lord raised up Jeroboam and despite the fact that Jeroboam would lead the northern kingdom into idolatry is beside the point for Judah itself had also been so led back and forth into and out of idolatry by her kings. So the perspective here given in 2 Chronicles, as spoken by Abijah and NOT Ahijah, is very much skewed to the Jewish view. Fact 3: The kingdom has fallen from David's descendant's hand. The Babylonians took them captive and for 70 years there was not kingdom of Judah. When they did return, they first had but governers not kings. Latter those who raise up to be kings of Judah prior to Christ's day WERE NOT of the house of David at all. And in Christ's own day, the Jews rejected the true 'heir' under there own contrived perception when they murdered the Son of God, the heir of David. Fact 4: The Jewish perspective has failed to recognize the 'letter of the law of Moses' in that Jesus' true ancestor is Mahlon, an Ephrathite or Ephraimite, Boaz merely raising up seed to the dead according to the law (Deut. 25:5-10, Ruth 4:5-10, and see also Messiah ben David ~ Messiah ben Joseph). And finally fact 5: While David is of the blood of Judah by Boaz, David is legally of the house of Joseph and Ephraim, the heir of the covenant, as also is Jesus Christ, to whom the kingdom does belong as being the heir of the covenant as well as of God the Father as well. The Jews have lost that fuller understanding of the covenant, they seeing only their myopic Jewish bend that all is of Judah without consideration to the rest of Israel, particularly Joseph, Ephraim and even Jesus Christ.
 7 And there are gathered unto him vain men, the children of Belial, and have strengthened themselves against Rehoboam the son of Solomon, when Rehoboam was young and tenderhearted, and could not withstand them.
 8 And now ye think to withstand the kingdom of the LORD in the hand of the sons of David; and ye be a great multitude, and there are with you golden calves, which Jeroboam made you for gods.
 9 Have ye not cast out the priests of the LORD, the sons of Aaron, and the Levites, and have made you priests after the manner of the nations of other lands? so that whosoever cometh to consecrate himself with a young bullock and seven rams, the same may be a priest of them that are no gods.
 10 But as for us, the LORD is our God, and we have not forsaken him; and the priests, which minister unto the LORD, are the sons of Aaron, and the Levites wait upon their business:
 11 And they burn unto the LORD every morning and every evening burnt sacrifices and sweet incense: the shewbread also set they in order upon the pure table; and the candlestick of gold with the lamps thereof, to burn every evening: for we keep the charge of the LORD our God; but ye have forsaken him.
 12 And, behold, God himself is with us for our captain, and his priests with sounding trumpets to cry alarm against you. O children of Israel, fight ye not against the LORD God of your fathers; for ye shall not prosper.
 13 ¶ But Jeroboam caused an ambushment to come about behind them: so they were before Judah, and the ambushment was behind them.
 14 And when Judah looked back, behold, the battle was before and behind: and they cried unto the LORD, and the priests sounded with the trumpets.
 15 Then the men of Judah gave a shout: and as the men of Judah shouted, it came to pass, that God smote Jeroboam and all Israel before Abijah and Judah.
 16 And the children of Israel fled before Judah: and God delivered them into their hand.
 17 And Abijah and his people slew them with a great slaughter: so there fell down slain of Israel five hundred thousand chosen men.
 18 Thus the children of Israel were brought under at that time, and the children of Judah prevailed, because they relied upon the LORD God of their fathers.
 19 And Abijah pursued after Jeroboam, and took cities from him, Beth-el with the towns thereof, and Jeshanah with the towns thereof, and Ephrain with the towns thereof.
 20 Neither did Jeroboam recover strength again in the days of Abijah: and the LORD struck him, and he died.
 21 ¶ But Abijah waxed mighty, and married fourteen wives, and begat twenty and two sons, and sixteen daughters.
 22 And the rest of the acts of Abijah, and his ways, and his sayings, are written in the story of the prophet Iddo.