Old Testament Commentary - Leviticus 23

by Don R. Hender


Scriptural Text [& Editorial]
Commentary & Explanation
Footnotes ~ References ~ JST
           CHAPTER 23            

Israel to hold a holy convocation on each weekly sabbath—Israel to keep feast of the passover, of unleaven bread, of pentecost or firstfruits, of trumpets, of the day of atonement, and of tabernacles.

  1 AND the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,
  2 Speak unto the children of Israel, and say unto them, Concerning the feasts of the LORD, which ye shall proclaim to be holy convocationsa, even these are my feasts.
  3 Six days shall work be done: but the aseventh day is the bsabbath of rest, an holy cconvocation; ye shall do no work therein: it is the dsabbath of the LORD in all your dwellings.
 2a holy convocations Simply, convocations are 'meetings', but in terms of a 'holy convocation' it is a meeting of special meaning. These 'holy convocations' held in respect to the feast days of the LORD would be special 'meetings' wherein particular remebrances were set forth as per that particular meaning of that feast day. Instructional review of scripture and the meaning of that remebrance would be effective and the congregation would renew their remebrances and commitments to the LORD in these respects. Today we might look upon our weekly sacrement meetings as 'holy convocations' which center upon the sacrament of the Lord, our remembrance of him and his sacrifice for us, that we do take His name upon us, and that we renew ourselves in and through him, seeking our repentance and commitment to keeping his commandment that we might go forth having his spirit to be with us. And the whole of the sacrament meeting is centered in the Lord, learning of his ways and teachings. Now while we do not hold the feasts of the old Law of Moses, we do have other special 'holy convocations' such as our temple meetings and frequent conferences wherein we also may recommit ourselves to the Lord in mind, thought and action.
   These particular ancient 'holy convocations' of Israel were those to be kept in rembrance of the Lord and what he had done for Israel, and that Israel was to commit or recommit themselves to his ways and commandments. If one studies the operations of Judaism today they will find almost regimented suggestive scriptures, readings, prayers, hymns and such which are to be recited as a part of their feast day commemorations as a part of their holy convocational commitments unto the Lord.

Feast of the Passover

  4 ¶ These are the feasts of the LORD, even holy convocations, which ye shall proclaim in their seasons.
  5 In the afourteenth day of the first month bat even is the LORD's cpassover.

Feast of Unleavened Bread

  6 And on the fifteenth day of the same month is the feast of unleavened bread unto the LORD: seven days ye must eat aunleavened bread.
  7 In the first day ye shall have an holy aconvocation: ye shall do no servile work therein.
  8 But ye shall offer an offering made by fire unto the LORD seven days: in the seventh day is an holy convocation: ye shall do no servile work therein.

Pentecost
Feast of Firstfuits

  9 ¶ And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,
  10 Speak unto the children of Israel, and say unto them, When ye be come into the land which I give unto you, and shall reap the harvest thereof, then ye shall bring a sheaf of the afirstfruits of your harvest unto the priest:
  11 And he shall wave the sheaf before the LORD, to be accepted for you: on the morrow after the sabbath the priest shall wave it.
  12 And ye shall offer that day when ye wave the sheaf an he alamb without blemish of the first year for a burnt offering unto the LORD.
  13 And the meat offering thereof shall be two tenth deals of fine flour mingled with oil, an offering made by fire unto the LORD for a sweet savour: and the drink offering thereof shall be of wine, the fourth part of an hin.
  14 And ye shall eat neither bread, nor parched corn, nor green ears, until the selfsame day that ye have brought an offering unto your God: it shall be a statute for ever throughout your generations in all your dwellings.
  15 ¶ And ye shall count unto you from the morrow after the sabbath, from the day that ye brought the sheaf of the wave offering; aseven sabbaths shall be complete:
  16 Even unto the morrow after the seventh sabbath shall ye number afifty days; and ye shall offer a new meat offering unto the LORD.
  17 Ye shall bring out of your habitations two wave aloaves of two tenth deals: they shall be of fine flour; they shall be baken with bleaven; they are the firstfruits unto the LORD.
  18 And ye shall offer with the bread seven alambs without blemish of the first year, and one young bullock, and two rams: they shall be for a burnt offering unto the LORD, with their meat offering, and their drink offerings, even an offering made by fire, of sweet savour unto the LORD.
  19 Then ye shall sacrifice one kid of the goats for a sin offering, and two lambs of the first year for a sacrifice of peace offerings.
  20 And the priest shall wave them with the bread of the firstfruits for a wave offering before the LORD, with the two lambs: they shall be holy to the LORD for the priest.
  21 And ye shall proclaim on the selfsame day, that it may be an holy convocation unto you: ye shall do no servile work therein: it shall be a statute for ever in all your dwellings throughout your generations.
  22 ¶ And when ye reap the harvest of your land, thou shalt not make clean riddance of the corners of thy field when thou reapest, neither shalt thou gather any gleaning of thy harvest: thou shalt leave them unto the apoor, and to the stranger: I am the LORD your God.

Feast of Trumpets

  23 ¶ And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,
  24 Speak unto the children of Israel, saying, In the seventh month, in the first day of the month, shall ye have a sabbath, a memorial of ablowing of btrumpets, an holy cconvocation.
  25 Ye shall do no servile awork therein: but ye shall offer an offering made by fire unto the LORD.

Day of Atonement

  26 ¶ And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,
  27 Also on the tenth day of this seventh month there shall be a day of atonement: it shall be an holy aconvocation unto you; and ye shall bafflict your souls, and offer an offering made by fire unto the LORD.
  28 And ye shall do no work in that same day: for it is a day of atonement, to make an atonement for you before the LORD your God.
  29 For whatsoever soul it be that shall not be afflicted in that same day, he shall be cut off from among his people.
  30 And whatsoever soul it be that doeth any work in that same day, the same soul will I destroy from among his people.
  31 Ye shall do no manner of work: it shall be a statute for ever throughout your generations in all your dwellings.
  32 It shall be unto you a sabbath of rest, and ye shall afflict your souls: in the ninth day of the month at even, from even unto even, shall ye acelebrate your sabbath.

Feast of Tabernacles

  33 ¶ And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,
  34 Speak unto the children of Israel, saying, The fifteenth day of this aseventh month shall be the bfeast of ctabernacles for seven days unto the LORD.
  35 On the first day shall be an holy aconvocation: ye shall do no servile work therein.
  36 Seven days ye shall offer an offering made by fire unto the LORD: on the eighth day shall be an holy convocation unto you; and ye shall offer an offering made by fire unto the LORD: it is a asolemn assembly; and ye shall do no servile work therein.
  37 These are the feasts of the LORD, which ye shall proclaim to be holy convocations, to offer an offering made by fire unto the LORD, a burnt offering, and a meat offering, a sacrifice, and drink offerings, aevery thing upon his day:
  38 Beside the sabbaths of the LORD, and beside your gifts, and beside all your vows, and beside all your freewill offerings, which ye give unto the LORD.
  39 Also in the fifteenth day of the seventh month, when ye have gathered in the fruit of the land, ye shall keep a feast unto the LORD seven days: on the first day shall be a sabbath, and on the eighth day shall be a sabbath.
  40 And ye shall take you on the first day the boughs of goodly trees, branches of palm trees, and the boughs of thick trees, and willows of the brook; and ye shall rejoice before the LORD your God seven days.
  41 And ye shall keep it a afeast unto the LORD seven days in the year. It shall be a statute for ever in your generations: ye shall celebrate it in the seventh month.
  42 Ye shall dwell in booths seven days; all that are Israelites born shall dwell in booths:
  43 That your generations may know that I made the children of Israel to dwell in abooths, when I brought them out of the land of Egypt: I am the LORD your God.
  44 And Moses declared unto the children of Israel the feasts of the LORD.