B.C.	SEQUENCE OF EVENTS IN THE DAYS OF THE EARLY PATRIARCHS
4000	Fall of Adam.	(Those desiring calculated dates on these events may wish to consult published chronologies.)
	Ministry of Enoch.
	Ministry of Noah; the Flood.
	Tower of Babel.
	Ministry of Melchizedek.
	Death of Noah (Gen. 9: 28).
	Birth of Abram.	In the days of Abram we meet with the names of Chedorlaomer, king of Elam, and Amraphel, king of Shinar. Egypt was manifestly a powerful kingdom before and during the patriarchal times, but the early annals of Egypt as they have come down to us help us to few synchronisms that can be relied on.
	Birth of Isaac.
	Birth of Jacob.
	Birth of Joseph.
	Joseph sold into Egypt (Gen. 37: 2).
	Joseph stands before Pharaoh (Gen. 41: 46).
	Jacob and his family go down to Egypt
	Death of Jacob.
	Death of Joseph.
	Birth of Moses.
	The Exodus when Moses was 80 years old
	Death (translation) of Moses.
	Death of Joshua.
	After the death of Joshua was the period of the Judges, of whom the first was Othniel and the last Samuel, but the arrangement and dates of the rest are very uncertain.	The commencement of the Assyrian empire appears to have been somewhere in the period of the Judges, but much of the chronological data preserved in Assyrian tablets is of a fabulous character.

In this section the dates are ascertained with more accuracy, help being derived from synchronisms with profane history, which become more numerous with every succeeding century.

B.C.	THE UNDIVIDED KINGDOM	PERSONS AND EVENTS OF EXTERNAL HISTORY
1095	Commencement of Sauls reign. Samuel lives for a great part of Saul's reign.	Nahash, king of Ammon. Tiglath-pilesar I, king of Assyria. Agag, king of Amalek. Achish, king of Gath
1063	David anointed by Samuel.
1055	David king in Hebron.
1047	David king in Jerusalem. Nathan and Gad, prophets.	Hiram, king of Tyre. Hadadezer, king of Zobah. Toi, king of Hamath. Hanun, son of Nahash, king of Ammon.
1015	Solomon made king. Death of David.
1012	Solomon begins to build the temple.	Hiram, king of Tyre
1004	Solomon begins to build his own house.
991	The whole buildings finished.	Hada the Edomite is protected in Egypt. Genubath, son of Hadad. Rezon, king of Zobah. Shishak, king of Egypt, shelters Jeroboam
975	Death of Solomon. The ten tribes revolt from Rehoboam.

In the following table the first column of dates follows the books of Kings and Chronicles; the third column contains a revised chronology derived from inscriptions on Assyrian and other monuments. The kings of Judah are printed in heavy type, and the kings of Israel in capitals.

B.C.	KINGS OF JUDAH AND ISREAL	Rev. Chr.	INTERNAL HISTORY	EXTERNAL HISTORY	SYNCHRONISMS
975	Rehoboam Jeroboam I	953	Ahijah the Shilomite prophesies, also Shemaiah. Penuel build (1 Kgs. 12: 25).		Shishak, king of Egypt
		949	Shishak plun- ders Jerusalem.
957	Abijam	932
955	Asa	929
954	Nadab	927	Oden and Aza- riah prophesy.	Asa's war with Zerah the Ethiopian.
953	Baasha	925	War of Isreal against Judah. Hanani and Jehu prophesy.
930	Elah	901		Asa's alliance with Benhadad I.
929	Zimri	899
929	Omri (at war with Tibni)	897
925	Omri (victorious)		Benhadad I conquers Omri (1 Kgs. 20: 34).
918	Ahab	875	Samaria built (1 Kgs. 16: 24).		Ethbaal (Eitho- balus), king of Zidon
914	Jehoshaphat	873	Elijah the Tishbite. Jericho rebuilt. Micaiah son of Imlah prophesies.	Syrian invasion of Samaria (1 Kgs. 20: 34). Moab rebels against Israel.	Mesha, king of Moab.
898	Ahaziah	853	Jahaziel prophesies (2 Chr. 20: 14). Eliezer of Mareshah prophesies (2 Chr. 20: 27).
897	Jehoram	851	Elisha prophesies. Obadiah prophesies	Battle of Ramoth-gilead.	Hazael, king of Syria.
893	Joram	848
885	Ahaziah	844
884	Athaliah Jehu	843
878	Joash	837	Joash buys off Hazaels invasion (2 Kgs. 12: 18).	Syrian victories over Israel (2 Kgs. 10: 32).	Sardanapalus dies
856	Jehoahaz		Joel prophesies.
842	Jehoash	798
841	Amaziah	797			Shalmaneser II.
826	Jeroboam II	790	Hosea prophesies. Jonah prophesies (2 Kgs. 14: 25).	Amaziah subdues Edom (2 Kgs. 14: 7).	Shalmaneser III.
811	Azariah or Uzziah	792	Amos prophesies.
773	Zechariah	749			First Olympiad.
772	Shallum	748
772	Menahem	748		There is much uncertainty about the chronology of the reigns of Uzziah, Jotham, and Pekah, and from 2 Kgs. 15: 1-2, and 2 Kgs. 15: 30-32, it is clear that there is some confusion in the biblical numbers. Uzziah's name is now thought to have to have been discovered in an Assyrian inscription 740 B.C. If that prove correct, the commencement of Isaiah's prophecy cannot date before that year, and the time of Jotham's regency may have been counted as regnal years. In these tables the biblical numbers have been adhered to, as far as possible but they require further elucidation, which we may hope for as the Assyrian chronology becomes more assured.	Pul, king of Assyria (= Tiglath-pileser III?)
761	Pekahiah
759	Pekah				Rezin, king of Syria.
758	Jotham	740	Isaiah begins to prophesy.		Rome founded.
	Pekahiah (R.C.)	737			Era of Nabonassar, 747.
	Pekah (R.C.)	735
742	Ahaz	734			Tiglath-pileser II, king of Assyria (747-734). So, king of Egypt.
730	Hoshea	733
726	Hezekiah	728			Shalmaneser IV, king of Assyria, 727.
721	End of the Northern kingdom	722	Micah prophesies.		Sargon. Merodach- Baladan, king of Babylon, 722. Death of Sennacherib, 701. Esarhaddon. Median kingdom formed.
697	Manasseh	697			Psammetichus, king of Egypt, 670. Fall of No-Amon (Thebes), 660.
642	Amon	642	Nahum prophesies.		Assurbanipal (667-626).
640	Josiah	640	Huldah the prophetess. Jeremiah begins to prophesy, 628. Zephaniah prophesies.		Pharaoh-necho, king of Egypt. Nabopolassar, king of Babylon, 625-604.
609	Jehoahaz	609	Obadiah prophesies.		Fall of Ninevah, 606.
609	Jehoiakim	609	Daniel carried captive, 606.		Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, 604-561.
598	Jehoiachin	598	Habakkuk prophesies.
598	Zedekiah	598	Ezekiel prophesies.
587	Capture of Jerusalem	587

B.C.	JEWISH HISTORY	PROFANE HISTORY
561	Jehoiachin's captivity relaxed.		Evil-merodach, king of Babylon.
559		Commencement of the Persian Empire under Cyrus.	Neriglissar, king of Babylon, 559-555.
555			Belshazzar co-regent with Nabonidus.
538		Union of Media and Persia under Cyrus.	Fall of Babylon.
537	Decree of Cyrus for the return of the Jews.
536	Joshua, high priest.
529	Ahasuerus (Ezra 4: 6).	=Cambyses, king of Persia, 529-521.
525			Egypt conqured by Cambyses. Birth of Aeschylus.
521	Artaxerxes (Ezra 4: 7).	=Pseudo-Smerdis.
521	Darius I (Ezra 4: 5).	=Darius Hystaspes.
520	The hindered temple building resumed. Haggai and Zechariah prophesy.		Sophocles born, 495.
490			Battle of Marathon.
486	Ahasuerus (Esther 1: 1).	=Xerxes, 486-465.	Egypt revolts from Persia for 2 years.
483	Joiakim, high priest.		Battles of Thermopylae and Salamis, 480.
465	Artaxerxes (Ezra 7: 1).	=Artaxerxes Longimanus.
458	Commission of Ezra.
453	Eliashib, high priest.
444	Nehemiah appointed governor of Judaea.
432	Nehemiah's second mission to Jerusalem. Prophecy of Malachi.		Plato born, 429.
424	Darius II.	=Darius Nothus.
414			Egypt and Media both revolt from Persia.
413	Joiada, high priest.
404
401		Artaxerxes Mnemon.	Battle of Cunaxa. Demosthenes born, 382.
373	Johanan, high priest
359			Philip, king of Macedon.
358		Darius Ochus	Plato dies, 348.
341	Jaddua, high priest.
337		Arses.
336	Darius III (Neh. 12: 22).	=Darius Codomannus	Philip of Macedon slain.
332	Jaddua goes out to meet Alexander.		Alexander in Syria and Egypt.
331			Battle of Arbela.
330		Darius slain. End of the Persian power.
323		Ptolemy Lagides obtains Egypt.	Death of Alexander the Great and dismemberment of his empire.
	JEWISH HISTORY	EGYPT	SYRIA
321	Onias I, high priest.
320	Ptolemy (Lagides) Soter takes Jerusalem.
314	Antigonus conquers Palestine form Ptolemy.
312			Seleucus (Nicator).
311	Palestine by treaty assigned to Antiogonus.
302	Palestine retaken by Ptolemy.	N.B. During this distrubed period many Jews migrated from Palestine and settled in Egypt and in parts of Asia Minor; they were held in much esteem by the rulers of those countries in which they settled.
301	Battle of Ipsus. Antigonus defeated by Seleucus.
300	Simon the Just, high priest.
292	Eleazar, high priest.
284		Ptolemy Philadelphus.
280		N.B. About this time the Septuagint version of the Hebrew scriptures appears to have been commenced in Alexandria, though it was not finished for more than a century after.	Antiochus (Soter).
277	Manasseh, high priest.
260			Antiochus (Theos).
250	Onias II, high priest.
246		Ptolemy Euergetes.
245			Seleucus Callinicus.
225	Tribute due to Egypt not paid by Onias.		Seleucus Keraunus.
223			Antiochus the Great.
221		Ptolemy Philopator.
217	Simon II, high priest.	Ptolemy's outrage in the Jewish temple.
216	Battle of Raphia.	Treaty between Antiochus and Ptolemy.
204		Ptolemy Epiphanes.
195	Onias III, high priest.
187			Seleucus Philopator.
180		Ptolemy Philometor.
176	Heliodorus sent to plunder the temple.
175	Onias deposed by Antiochus. Jason, high priest.		Antiochus Epiphanes.
173		Cleopatra, guardian of Philometor, dies.
172	Menelaus, Jason's brother, nominated high priest.
172	Onias III murdered about this time.
170			Antiochus defeats the Egyptians.
169	Jason seizes Jerusalem, which Antiochus attacks on his return from Egypt and pollutes the temple.		Second invasion of Egypt.
168	Daily sacrifice interrupted.	Ptolemy Physcon set up for a time in Egypt, but soon makes common cause with his brother Philometor.	Third attack on Egypt.
167	Mattathias the Maccabee revolts.
166	Battle of Emmaus. Victory of Judas Maccabaeus.
165	Dedication of the temple.
164			Antiochus Eupator.
163	Lysias defeated by Judas at Bethsura. Alcimus, high priest. Menelaus put to death.
162			Demetrius Soter.
161	Nicanor defeated at Capharsalama. Death of Judas Maccabaeus at Eleasa.	Contests between Philmetor and Physcon. Appeals to Rome.
160	Decree of the Roman Senate in favor of the Jews.
159	Death of Alcimus.
156	Jonathan, brother of Judas, ruler of Judaea.
153	Jonathan made high priest by Balas.		Alexander Balas set up against Demetrius.
150	Jonathan honored by Philometor and Balas.		Alexander Balas, king of Syria.
149		Onias, son of Onias III, made commander-in-chief in Egypt.
146		Ptolemy Philometor opposes Alexander Balas.
145		Ptolemy Physcon (Euergetess II).	Demetrius Nicator.
143	Jonathan put to death by Tryphon. Simon, high priest.
142	Simon, 'Prince of the Jews.' Jews allowed to coin money.
139			Antiochus Sidetes. Tryphon put to death.
135	Murder of Simon. John Hyrcanus, high priest.
130			Demetrius Nicator.
126			Zebina.
123			Antiochus Grypus.
116		Ptolemy Lathyrus (Soter II).
109	Hyrcanus wars on Samaria and destroys the temple on Gerizim.	Cleopatra and Alexander.
106	Hyrcanus dies. Aristobulus (his son), first king of the Jews.
105	Alexander Jannaeus made king of the Jews.
96	Jannaeus captures Gaza.	Ptolemy, king of Cyrene, bequeaths his kingdom to the Romans.	Seleucus succeeds his father Grypus.
94	The Pharisees hostile to Jannaeus.
93	War of Jannaeus in Gilead and Moab.
92			Philip, brother of Sel- eucus, gains the throne.
88	Jannaeus defeated at Shechem.
87		Ptolemy Lathyrus recalled.
83			Tigranes, king of Arm- enia, set over Syria.
80		Ptolemy Alexander.
78	Death of Jannaeus, Alexandra, his widow, rules after him. Hyrcanus II, high priest.
69	Aristobulus II seizes the government.
66			Pompey conquers Syria for the Romans.
			ROMAN AFFAIRS
65		Ptolemy Auletes.
64	Disputes between Aristobulus and Hyrcanus.
63	Jerusalem taken by Pompey. Hyrcanus again high priest.
54	Palestine divided into five districts.		Crassus defeated by the Parthians at Carrhae, 53.
51	Crassus plunders the temple.	Cleopatra.
48	Antipater made procurator of Judaea.		Battle of Pharsalia. Battle of Thapsus, 46.
44	Hyrcanus, 'Prince of the Jews.'		Assassination of Caesar.
42			Battle of Philippi.
41	Herod and Phasael, joint tetrarchs of Judaea.
40	Herod flees to Rome. Antigonus set up in his stead.
38	Herod marries Mariamne.
37	Herod takes Jerusalem.
31			Battle of Actium. August, emperor, 31 B.C.-A.D. 14.
30		Cleopatra dies. Egypt becomes a Roman province.
29	Mariamne put to death.
25	Herod rebuilds Samaria.
17	Herod restores the temple.
6	Alexander and Aristobulus put to death.

NEW TESTAMENT CHRONOLOGY
A.D.	CHRISTIAN HISTORY	JEWISH HISTORY	CONTEMPORARY EVENTS
	Birth of Jesus Christ.	Death of Herod the Great. Archelaus obtains Judaea, Samaria, and Idumaea; Herod Antipas, Galilee; Herod Philip, Ituraea, Trachonitis, etc.
		Banishment of Archelaus
		COPONIUS procurator of Judea; Ananus high priest.
	Jesus at Jerusalem in the temple	Cyrenius completes the taxing.
		MARCUS AMBIVIUS, procurator.
		ANNIUS RUFUS, procurator.
			Death of Augustus.
		VALERIUS GRATUS, procurator.
		Caiaphas, high priest.
	Beginning of the ministry of the Baptist.	PONTIUS PILATE, procurator.
	The Crucifixion.
33		Death of Herod Philip.
35	Conversion of Paul.	Pontious Pilate exiled.
37		Jonathan, high priest. Herod Agrippa obtains the tetrarchy of Herod Philip. MARCELLUS, procurator.	Death of Tiberius.
38		Josephus born.
39	The churches have rest.	Antipas deposed. Agrippa made tetrarch of Galilee.
41		Agrippa receives Judaea.	Death of Caligula.
44	Death of James the brother of John.	Death of Herod Agrippa I. CUSPIUS FADUS, procurator.
45	Paul's first missionary tour
46		TIBERIUS ALEXANDER, procurator.
48		VENTIDIUS CUMANUS, procurator.
49	Council of Jerusalem.
50	1 and 2 Thessalonians written.		Jews banished from Rome by Claudius.
51		CLAUDIUS [or ANTONIUS] FELIX, procurator.
54			Death of Claudius.
55	1 and 2 Corinthians, Galatians, Romans.
57	Paul a prisoner at Caesarea
58	Paul sent to Rome.	PORCIUS FESTUS, procurator.
59	Paul leaves Melita for Rome.	Joseph, son of Simon, high priest.
60	Philippians, Colossians, Ephesians, Philemon.	ALBINUS, procurator.
61	Close of the history of the Acts of the Apostles.
62		GESSIUS FLORUS, procurator. Completion of the temple.	Burning of Rome. Persecution under Nero.
64	Titus, 1 and 2 Timothy.	Jewish war commences.
65	Martyrdom of Peter and Paul.	Capture of Jotapata by Vespasian.
68			Death of Nero. Galba proclaimed.
69			Otho, Vitellius, Vespasian, emperors.
70	Christians retire to Pella.	Siege and capture of Jerusalem.
79			Death of Vespasian.
81			Death of Titus.
95	Persecution of Christians by Domitian.
96			Death of Domitian.