Ancient capital of Attica, but by N.T. times it was in the Roman province known as Achaia. Much of its former greatness had passed away, and many Athenians had become engrossed in unprofitable discussions that Paul said were “too religious” (superstitious). Philosophy was represented by the Stoics and Epicureans. On his second mission journey Paul visited the city (Acts 17: 14 - 18: 1) and made a notable speech on Mars Hill, but it appears that his efforts met with only partial success.