Pedigree Relations of John Hender & Jenny Peter
Residence(s): Altarnun, North Hill, Lewannick at Polyphant
Occupation(s): Saddler
Mary Smeeth, first wife, daughter of William and Mary Smeeth of St Gennys.
Jenny Garland nee Peter, second wife, daughter of Richard Peter & Elizabeth Turner.
(1st wife) Mary Smeeth = John Hender = Jenny Peter = Edward Garland (1st husband)
cb 19 Jan 1783 cb 23 Nov 1785 cb 13 Mar 1798
St Gennys Altarnun North Hill
m 21 Aug 1821 m 6 Aug 1840 d Dec 1886 a88 m 5 Apr 1830
St Gennys North Hill db 21 Dec 1886 Stoke Damerel D.
db 30 Jan 1840 d about 1852 Coads Green WM
Lewannick Laun. District North Hill
r Polyphant
(No Known Children from these Marriages)
A Walk Through the Census Decades with Jenny/Jane Peter 1841-1881
Jenny Peter born 1798
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1841 Census Lewannick-Pollifant (PolyPhant)
Enumeration District 7
Civil Parish of Lewannick – (1841 Census)
Book 4 Folio 4 Page 1
. . .
Book 4 Folio 11 Page 14
,,John Wadge,50,,Cooper,In county,
,,Grace Wadge,,46,,In county,
,,Grace Wadge,,10,,In county,
,,William Wadge,7,,,In county,
,,Susanna Wadge,,5,,In county,
Pollifant**,1,John Hender,50,,Saddler,In county,
,,Jane Hender,,40,,In county,
,,Jane Coombe,,20,Female Servant,In county,
,,Joseph Hoskin,20,,Male Servant,In county,
,,Thomas Duance,15,,Male Servant,In county,
** Phonetic (fonetic) spelling is common to be found in records kept.
1851 Census Lewannick-Pollyphant (Polyphant)
Enumeration District 4a
Civil Parish of Lewannick, Eccl. District of – (1851 Census)
Folio 82 Page 1
. . .
Folio 88 Page 12
43,Pollyphant,Peter Wadge,Head,M,44,,Ag Lab,Lewannick Cornwall,,
,,Thomazin Wadge,Wife,M,,35,,St Cleather Cornwall,,
,,Charles Wadge,Son,,3,,,Lewannick Cornwall,,
,,Mary Jane Wadge,Dau,,,2,,Lewannick Cornwall,,
,,George Wadge,Son,,5,,,Lewannick Cornwall,,
,,Elizabeth Herring,Ma-Law,W,,72,Pauper,Altarnun Cornwall,,
,,Eliza Herring,Daulaw,,,12,Scholar,Trewen Cornwall,,
,,Elizabeth Herring,Daulaw,,,8,Scholar,Laneast Cornwall,,
44,Pollyphant,John Tink,Head,M,55,,Ag Lab,Trewen Cornwall,,
,,Joanna Tink,Wife,M,,55,,Lewannick Cornwall,,
45,Pollyphant,John Smarriage,Head,W,77,,Pauper Late Ag Lab,
St Thomas Cornwall,,
,,Edward Jory,Brolaw,U,41,,Waiter,Lewannick Cornwall,,
46,Pollyphant,John Werring,Head,M,60,,Dealer Shop,Lewannick
Cornwall
,,Ann Maria Werring,Wife,M,,50,,St Cleather Cornwall,,
,,Richard Sleep,Sonlaw,M,35,,Ag Lab,Lewannick Cornwall,,
,,Mary Sleep,Dau,M,,30,,Lewannick Cornwall,,
,,Samuel Sleep,Gr-Son,,11,,Scholar,Lewannick Cornwall,,
,,Ann Sleep,Gr-Dau,,,8,Scholar,Lewannick Cornwall,,
47,Pollyphant**,John Hender,Head,M,65,,Pauper Late Sadler,
Altarnun Cornwall,,
,,Jenny Hender,Wife,M,,53,,North Hill Cornwall,,
Whether you spell it Pollifant or Pollyphant or even Polyphant, it is the same place
in Lewannick where John Hender, Saddler lived and where his first wife Mary
Hender died and was buried in Lewannick. Mary Hender died and was buried 30
January 1840 at Lewannick and her residence was Polyphant. Then on 6 August
1840 John Hender, widower and resident of Polyphant in Lewannick, whose father
was Thomas Hender, married Jenny Garland, whose father was Richard Peter.
That marriage was at the parish of North Hill. For the next two decade census
records, 1841 and 1851, John Hender of Pollifant or Pollyphant, was living
with Jane/Jenny Hender his second wife. The 1841 census listed their ages
rounded down at 50 and 40. Thomas was actually about 54/55 and Jenny was
about 43. In 1851 they were listed at age 65 and 53.
John Hender's First Marriage
There are two matching records that would give the first marriage of John Hender.
John Hender of Alternon/Altarnun married Mary Smeeth of St Gennys at Saint
Gennys on 21 August 1821. They were both older, Mary Smeeth about 37 and John
Hender about 36.
There is no evidence in the OPC parish records that indicate that John and Mary
Hender had any children. As they were both older than 35 when they were married,
this is no great surprise. And when John married Jenny later, she was about 43.
And there is no evidence of children there either.
No OPC parish record shows any marriage between a Mr. Garland and a Jane or
Jenny Peter or even other such possible surnames that might fit the circumstance
at hand. So that information, whatever it may be, is yet to come.
Now for the tie between John Hender of Alternon and Mary Smeeth of St Gennys
is of curious interest as what likely brought them together is the fact that
they are cousins or half cousins as the facts maybe. John Adams married Joan
Hill and had a child Mary Adams who married William Smeeth. William Smeeth
and Mary Adams are the parents of Mary Smeeth who married John Hender. This
John Adams married second Sarah Bath and they had a daughter named Sarah
Adams who married Thomas Hender of Altarnun. That Thomas Hender and Sarah
Adams has a son John Hender who is he that married his half cousin Mary
Smeeth.
Joan Hill = John Adams = Sarah Bath
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William Smeeth = Mary Adams Sarah Adams = Thomas Hender
|_______ _______|
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Mary Smeeth = John Hender
Mary and Sarah Adams were half sister, their father being the same John
Adams. Thus Mary Smeeth and John Hender, the children of these half
sisters would be half cousins.
This connection between the families of Gennys may be looked into in
determining who was the Mary Tinney of Gennys that Thomas Hender
later married of these related families.
Just so many country cousins in the 'isolated' county of Cornwall.
There are no matching burials for a John Hender that matches in the OPC Parish
records. The England and Wales death index gives two John Hender deaths within
that time span. Both are in 1852, one in the first quarter and one in the last
quarter. Since the parishes surrounding Polyphant of North Hill, Altarnun and
Lewannich, etc. fall within the Launcestion District of these two John Hender
deaths, my best guess presently is that John Hender died in 1852. The cesus
that follows is evidence that he is dead by 1861.
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Commentary & Annotations
Polefant, as written in 1170c, seems to be reverse
of the norm course of phonetic spelling. That the
'ph' for the 'f' evolved later rather than merely
written by record keepers who would sound out
how to spell a word. As of such an ancient date,
its evolution might have been of a different
course if history had been kinder. Later marked
out Parish and/or Districts boundries included
the smaller communities/villages and their
churches, whether current or previously used.
Polyphant was one such community that at one
time had its own Church building as well as
a later Methodist Church as well.
The saddler John Hender was a resident of
Polyphant as recorded at time of marriage to
Jenny Garland nee Peter. And the couple lived
there on the 1841 census, Jenny being recorded
by the equivalent name of Jane Hender.
1851 Census Clarifies
It is on the 1851 census that we truly get some
clarifying facts. While John was listed at age 50
and Jenny/Jane Hender was listed at age 40, the
1841 census rounding skewed their ages. In 1851
their more accurate ages are given as 65 for John
and 53 for Jenny Hender his wife. And the 12-13
year difference in their 'baptism ages' may be
matched. Also John's birth parish matches as
Altarnun and Jenny's matches with North Hill.
Now the various record peices may be fitted
together to paint a picture of understanding.
John Hender, baptized son or Thomas and Sarah
Hender of Altarnun married Jenny Peter, widow
of Garland, who was the daugther of Richard
and Elizabeth Peter. The event of the marriage
of Jenny Peter to a Mr. Garland is not directly
needed to identify that it is Jenny Peter who
married John Hender son of Thomas Hender of
Altarnun.
These are the same Hender - Peter families who
were already in close association as two of
the daughters of Hender has preiously married
to of the sons of Peter, Mary and Grace and
John and Richard respectively.
Now this is not the Jenny Peter who married
John's brother Thomas Hender. That was a
diferent Jenney Peter daughter of John Peter
and Elizabeth Marten as is shown elsewhere.
For now, the first marriage of John Hender
will be considered before returning to the
census decade pictures that further support
that the Jenny Peter, who married John Hender,
was the daughter of Richard Peter & Elizabeth
Turner.
John's First Wife & Marriage
More information about record*
####### in the Baptisms database
Day Month 19-Jan
Year 1783
Parish/Reg Dist St Gennys
Forename Mary
Surname SMEETH
Sex dau
Father Forename William
Mother Forename Mary
Residence
Father Rank Pro
Notes
Trans Notes
Transcriber Phil Rodda
More information about record*
###### in the Marriages database
Day Month 21-Aug
Year 1821
Parish Or Reg Dist St Gennys
Groom Fn John
Groom Sn HENDER
Groom Age
Groom Residence Alternon
Groom Condition
Groom Rank Pro
Grm Sign/Mark S/M) S
Groom Father Name
Grm Fthr Rank Pro
Bride Fn Mary
Bride Sn SMEETH
Bride Age
Bride Residence St Gennys
Bride Condition
Bride Rank Pro
Brd Sign/Mark(S/M) S
Bride Father Name
Brd Fthr Rank Pro
Banns/Licence(B/L) Banns
Witness Fn1 Jno
Witness Sn1 Peter
Witness Fn2 Thomas
Witness Sn2 Vosper
Other Information with consent
of parents
Trans Notes
Transcriber Kathy Keyes
More information about record*
###### in the Burials database
Day Month 30-Jan
Year 1840
Parish/Reg Dist Lewannick
Forename Mary
Surname HENDER
Age 57
Residence Polyphant
Notes
Trans Notes
Transcriber Sue Mutton
John Hender Death
John dies between 1851 and 1861 as
Jenny next appear on the 1861 census
as a widow living with her siblings.
A search of the OPC parish burials
leaves no matching record. In the
death index there are two possible
matches in the Launceston District
which would include Polyphant and
such, one in the first quarter and
another in the last quarter of
1852 for John Hender.
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1861 Census Lewannick - Polyphant
Before the actual census information is given, a few comments concerning what is to be seen. Just how it all fits together has
been fitured out on another web page. If what is here is not enough for understanding and assurance please view that page.
Below, three siblings of the Richard Peter and Elizabeth Turner family, Samuel, Mary and Jenny are to be found living in the
household of Mary Peter's daughter, Mary Strout. When reading the person's relationship, they are supposed to be written in as
they relate to the head of house, in this case John Strout. Samuel Peter is his Uncle-in-law, Mary [Peter Davey] Dennis is his
mother-in-law, Jane [Jenny Peter Garland] Hender is his aunt by law [aunt-in-law]. They are three of the children of
Richard Peter and Elizabeth Turner [see Peter & Turner family].
Enumeration District 7
Civil Parish of Lewannick, Eccl. District of – (1861 Census)
Folio 58 Page 1
. . .
Folio 59 Page 3
12,Polyphant,1,John Strout,Head,M,40,,Farmer Of 70 Acres,Altarnun Cornwall,,
, , ,Mary Strout,Wife,M,,34,,Lewannick Cornwall,,
, , ,Mary Peter Strout,Dau,,,8,Scholar,Lewannick Cornwall,,
, , ,Grace Jane Northy Strout,Dau,,,4,,Lewannick Cornwall,,
, , ,Samuel Peter,Uncle,U,76,,Retired Farmer,North Hill Cornwall,,
[Relationship given as Uncle in law]
, , ,Mary Dennis,Ma-Law,W,,71,Farmer's Widow,North Hill Cornwall,,
[Relationship given as Mother in law]
, , ,Jane Hender,Aunt,W,,61,Farmer's Widow,North Hill Cornwall,,
[Relationship given as Aunt by law]
, , ,Joseph Congdon,Serv,U,20,,Carter,Altarnun Cornwall,,
, , ,John Palmer,Serv,U,16,,Ag Lab,St Thomas Apostle Cornwall,,
, , ,James Hawke,Serv,U,9,,Farm Serv,Lewannick Cornwall,,
Note: To clarifiy the transcribed census record above, the original is pictured next below.
It is of interest to see what a transcription may look like compare to the original.
Sometimes a transcriber may alter or leave out items that make a difference in understanding.
This 1861 Census puts a number of families together:
Samuel Peter, Uncle[inlaw], unmarried, age 76 is the son of Richard and Elizabeth Peter of North Hill (Illand).
Mary Dennis is Mary Peter daughter of Richard and Elizabeth Peter of North Hill (Illand).
She is the Mother in law of John Strout head of house and mother of Mary Strout nee Dennis whose mother
Mary Peter married Thomas Dennis. And this Mary Dennis nee Peter is the sister of Samuel Peter.
Jane Hender is actually Jenny Hender (Jane for Jenny — nicknames), the wife of John Hender, the son of Thomas Hender
and Sarah Adams. And Jenny/Jane Hender nee Peter is the sister of Mary Dennis and of Samuel Peter. That isand Mary Dennis
nee Peter, the daughter of Richard and Elizabeth Peter of North Hill. I would also suggest that the 'difference' in Jane/Jenny's
age, though not significant' may be to the fact that sisters Mary and Jenny Peter may have always thought of themselves as 10
years apart and if Mary was 71, then Jenny was 61 in family group reporting.
1871 Census North Hill
On the 1871 census, sisters Mary Dennis and Jane/Jenny Hender have moved back to their 'home' parish where, despite their
ages, they are working as Schoolmistresses. Their brother Samuel Peter who was with them on the 1861 census passed away
6 February 1869 and thus does not appear on the 1871 census. Also Mary's and Jenny's ages have jumpt closer together.
Folio 14 Page 20
80,Newtown,1,Arthur F Hooper,Head,M,38,,Ag Lab,Devonport Devon,,
,,,Catherine Hooper,Wife,M,,36,,Stoke Climsland Cornwall,,
,,,William H Hooper,Son,,7,,Scholar,Linkinhorn Cornwall,,
,,,Evelina N Hooper,Dau,,,5,Scholar,Linkinhorn Cornwall,,
,,,John H Hooper,Son,,3,,,Lezant Cornwall,,
,,,Hedly Hooper,Son,,1,,,North Hill Cornwall,,
81,Pryers,1,Mary Dennis,Head,W,,80,Schoolmistress,North Hill Cornwall,,
,,,Jenny Hender,,W,,72,Schoolmistress,North Hill Cornwall,,*
* Notice here in the 1871 Census her name is again changed from Jane as she is recorded by the
census taker as Jenny Hender.
1881 Census North Hill - Illand
Folio 5 Page 4
15,Illand,1,William Pearn,Head,M,34,,Nursery Man,North Hill Cornwall,,
,,,Jane Pearn,Wife,M,,33,,South Petherwin Cornwall,,
,,,Mary E. Pearn,Dau,,,5,Scholar,Roache Cornwall,,
,,,Tryphosa Pearn,Dau,,,4,,North Hill Cornwall,,
,,,William H. Pearn,Son,,9m,,,North Hill Cornwall,,
16,East Lawn,1,William Heggaton,Head,M,54,,Farmer 30 Acres Emp 1 Lab,Germans Week Devon,,
,,,Mary A. Heggaton,Wife,M,,63,,Stokeclimsland Cornwall,,
,,,Jane Heggaton,Dau,S,,25,Farmers Daur,North Hill Cornwall,,
,,,Ann M. Heggaton,Dau,S,,20,Farmers Daur,North Hill Cornwall,,
,,,Jenny Hender,Boardr,W,,83,Annuitant,North Hill Cornwall,,*
* This Jenny Hender is the widowed wife of John Hender, who she married in 1840 as her 2nd husband.
Her first husband being a Mr. Edward Garland. John Hender's first wife was Mary Smeeth, his half
cousin. Jenny/Jenney is deceased as of her burial 21 December 1886 at age 88. Her residence being
at North Hill. The fact that she was buried at Coads Green WM may reflect on which Garland family
her first husband was from?
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