Old Testament Commentary - Proverbs 31

by Don R. Hender


Scriptural Text [& Editorial]
Commentary & Explanation
Footnotes ~ References ~ JST
                CHAPTER 31                  

Wine and strong drink condemned—Plead the cause of the poor and needy—A virtuous woman is priced above rubies.

  1 The words of king Lemuela, the prophecy that his amother taught him.
  2 What, my son? and what, the son of my womb? and what, the son of my vows?
  3 Give not thy strength unto awomen, nor thy ways to that which destroyeth kings.
 1a king Lemuel The Bible says nothing of him but Jewish tradition suggests that Lemuel was a 'poetic' name for Solomon meaning 'for God' or man 'dedicated to God'. As to the prophecy that his mother taught him, one might guess that it had something to do with him being or becoming King of Israel. Solomon was the second son of Bathsheba by King David, as the first son died an infant. The Book of Mormon figure named Lemuel was also a second som of Lehi and his wife.  1a TG Marriage, Motherhood
 3a TG Woman

King Lemuel 
The warning that the king's mother gave her son, "Give not they strength unto Women." If this was Bathsheba unto Solomon, it indeed became prophetic. For all the proverbs of Solomon which estold the dangers of 'strange women' and the virtues of women of chastity, Solomon failed both in keeping guard against his mother's warning and his own direction and advice when in his older age he did turn after stange women and allowed their gods into Israel.
  4 It is not for kings, O Lemuel, it is not for kings to drink awine; nor for princes strong drink:
  5 Lest they drink, and forget the law, and pervert the judgment of any of the afflicted.
  6 Give strong drink unto him that is ready to perish, and wine unto those that be of heavy hearts.
 4a 2 Ne. 15:22-23

  7 Let him drink, and forget his poverty, and remember his misery no more.
  8 Open thy mouth for the dumb in the cause of all such as are appointed to destruction.
  9 Open thy mouth, judge righteously, and plead the acause of the poor and needy.
 9a D&C 124:75, 89

  10 ¶ Who can find a avirtuous bwoman? for her price is far above rubies.
  11 The heart of her husband doth safely atrust in her, so that he shall have no need of spoil.
  12 She will do him good and not evil all the days of her life.
 10a TG Chastity; TG Virtue
     b TG Marriage; TG Marriage, Wives
       TG Woman
 11a TG Dependability

  13 She seeketh wool, and flax, and worketh willingly with her ahands.
  14 She is like the merchants' ships; she bringeth her food from afar.
  15 She ariseth also while it is yet night, and giveth meat to her household, and a portion to her maidens.
 13a 1 Thes. 4:11; 2 Ne. 5:17
 15a D&C 88:124

  16 She considereth a field, and buyeth it: with the fruit of her hands she planteth a vineyard.
  17 She girdeth her loins with strength, and strengtheneth her arms.
  18 She perceiveth that her merchandise is good: her candle goeth not out by night.
  19 She layeth her hands to the spindle, and her hands hold the adistaff.
  20 She stretcheth out her hand to the apoor; yea, she reacheth forth her hands to the needy.
  21 She is not afraid of the snow for her household: for all her household are clothed with scarlet.
 19a IE stick on which spinning
       materials are wound
 20a D&C 42:30

  22 She maketh herself coverings of tapestry; her aclothing is silk and purple.
  23 Her husband is known in the gates, when he sitteth among the elders of the land.
  24 She maketh fine linen, and selleth it; and delivereth girdles unto the merchant.
  25 Strength and honour are her aclothing; and she shall rejoice in time to come.
 22a TG Apparel
 25a Ps. 104:1; 2 Ne. 9:14; D&C 88:125

  26 She openeth her mouth with wisdom; and in her tongue is the law of akindness.
  27 She looketh well to the ways of her household, and eateth not the bread of aidleness.
  28 Her children arise up, and call her blessed; her husband also, and he praiseth her.
 26a TG Kindness
 27a TG Idleness

  29 Many daughters have done virtuously, but thou excellest them all.
  30 Favour is deceitful, and abeauty is vain: but a woman that bfeareth the LORD, she shall be praised.
  31 Give her of the fruit of her hands; and let her own works praise her in the gates.
 30a TG Beauty
     b OR reveres the LORD